letters

Letter 1:(check this)

Dear Alfred:

I am writing this letter to you for inform how my family here in USA and how is our home life. I have so much to said, but I don’t have a lot of time.
My family looks a little bit scared because they know about the great depression. They tried to look happy, but they look so nervous. When we came to USA, we live in New York City, but with the time, we must change home, and now we live out side of the City, like in a farm village.
We came here to USA when I have 14 years old and a lot of thinks have change. Now I have 16 years old and I understand all of what is happening. My father doesn’t have a lot of money, and we have to change home and now we are in a farm village and our home is small.
My fathers have to sell allots of thinks of our house. Starting with chairs and finishing with little thinks like balls and other objects.
Yesterday I have to give to my father my new ball. He said me that he sells it in a good price and he said me that he will give a new better.
My mother is all time saying to me and to my sister that all will be ok and that all will be fine. I have two years more than my sister Sophia. She is so nervous of what is happening and she doesn’t understand the situation.
My neighbors, they are so scarred like us. But they are in a worst position. My mother tell my that all the days my neighbors go to the city to sell their things, but always he came with the same things.
Well, the tings here are all the days’ mare bad and I can see the despair in the faces of my family, neighbors and in all the people around. I suppose that the thinks there in England are better than here in USA.
Good luck and I will try to write you later.
Rodrigo

Letter 2:

Dear Alfred:
Hi again my friend. I am writing this new letter for you to know about how is my family life here in the United States of America.
Well, with the economical crisis we have to sell allots of our things. My father said me the other day that we will change our home again because the great depression affect to my family a lot. But we also have time to enjoy in familiar activities that make us happier. We do allot of thinks and activities.
Starting with good and funny talks, were he said to us all our feelings and thinks. Sometimes my father and me go to play soccer with my neighbors, because they have balls so in the village we can do a teems and the matches are so good and funny. Sometimes we play American football in the garden of the house with my father and we go to some parks all the family for have a great day. We love us, we are a united family.
I thanks to god because we don’t have so much money, but we are a happy family. There are families that have a lot of money but they are not happy.
My parents also are so scared and nervous with the crisis, they must sell allot of our thinks for survive to the economic crisis. They said to my that we will change our home and go to another place so smaller.
I suppose that the thinks there in England are better.
I want to see you later my friend and I will write you again soon.
Rodrigo.

Letter 3:

Dear Alfred:

Hi again my good friend. This is my third letter to you. Now I am writing this letter to inform you about my school life here in the farm village out side of New York City here in the United States.
For start, I go to a school in front of New York. The name of the school is “Mr. John School”. It has all the junior, middle and senior grades but is only one grade for a big generation. We are a lot of people, in my class, we were 23 classmates. The class rooms have a maximum capacity of 17. This has a reason. With the great depression all the parents want to put their sons in schools were they don’t have to pay so much. “Mr. John School” is a little school were we don’t have to pay so much so there are allots of students. But this doesn’t happen only in my class, this happen in all the grades. All the class rooms have a maximum capacity of 17 students, and in some grades, there a like 30 students! Yes, is incredible but is true. But I am happy because all have so many friends in the school. In the breaks, we go to the garden of the school and we play with an American football ball and are so funny. I also like so much study and learn, so when I get back home, I star to study for the next day. I have so much good marks, and if you count all the marks, I have like a 6, 5 in general. The I have to go to my house and is like one hour of trouble.
Well my friend, that is my school life here in the USA. I suppose that there in England your school life is better.
Rodrigo.

Letter 4:

Dear Alfred:

This is my four letters to you. I think that this one will be the last one in along time. I am writing this letter for explain you how is the crisis affecting the people here in the USA and to my family.
First, my family is so bad. The thinks have worst colors all the days. My dad has to sell all our thinks. The bed of my sister was sold. Now, we don’t have chairs and desks. I and my family will be going out of this village. Maybe we will go out of this country to another in the same continent. My parents don’t want to say to me yet. I think that they don’t know were we will go and what will happen to us. The think is that the next Monday we will go out of the village. The neighbors are going out of the village and in the “Mr. John School” are fewer students. I can see in the people’s faces the feeling of despair, nervous and insecurity. Sometimes I can see the people running in the street, and sometimes there come people asking for a little bread for eat. When you see that people that don’t have food for eat, your heart is broken. A lot of people have suicide because they can’t survive to the great depression. We know all the situations around the world, our radio tell us what is happen in Europe in this moment. I can see how these great depressions, this economic crisis, affect the entire world including Europe.
In the streets we can see people that are hungry and that don’t have a home for sleep.
Like you can see that the situations here in the United States of America collapse and here the people can’t live well. All the persons are in the streets, and don’t have a place fore live. Well me good friend, this is the situation here in USA, you can see that is so bad. I hope that I can write you soon.
Rodrigo.

Podcast

This are five questions from the chapter 3 of "To Kill a Mockingbird", written by Harper Lee.

file:///H:/Music/Grabaci%C3%B3n%20(2).amr

Questions chapter 3:

1)      Who is Calpurnia?

2)      What is her place in Finch Household?

Calpurnia the Finch's black housekeeper,has established a respected placein the Finch family through years of dedicated service and through the love she has shown the Finch children. Is the housekeeper/cook/maid/surrogate mother for the Finches. 

3)      Are there elements of segregation present in the description of this character? Why?

Yes, because he is a black person and in that moment of the history they were discriminates. But also, Calpurnia is one of the few black characters in the novel who is able to read and write, and it is she who taught Scout to write.

4)      What happened when Scout was ride during dinner?

5)      What is your opinion about this?

At lunch, Scout rubs Walter’s nose in the dirt for getting her in trouble, but Jem intervenes and invites Walter to dinner. At the Finch house, Walter and Atticus discuss farm conditions “like two men,” and Walter puts molasses all over his meat and vegetables, to Scout’s horror. When she criticizes Walter, however, Calpurnia calls her into the kitchen to scold her and slaps her as she returns to the dining room, telling her to be a better hostess.  I think that it was bad because she don’t have necessary to do that. I think that it was bad and she also criticizes and produce the angry of Calpurnia.

To Kill a Mockingbird, Summary of Chapters 12 and 13

Scout discover that Dill dont´t want to be with them. Atticus has to go out side of the town for to weeks, so Calpurnia must be with them. Calpurnia decide to take them to a church with her. The go to an african church and the was so amazed because was so different to they church service. They're also amazed to find out that the church collection is going to Helen Robinson, Tom's wife, and the Reverend is not letting anyone leave until they've collected $10, which is what she needs each week to support her kids. Finally, all the people bring money and the doors openned. Jem and scout find out that Tom is in jail because he's accused of raping Bob Ewell's daughter, that was a White person, his name was Mayella. This produce that all the town is thinking about the case and about the responsability of Atticus. When they come back, they find her aunt Alexandra waiting for them.

Jem and Scout have alot of questions for aunt Alexandra and she said that she will be in Maycomb a few days or  years. Alexandra begins trying to instruct the two on how to be a proper Finch, but both Scout and Jem have no interest in becoming a little gentleman and a little lady, and hardly bother trying to learn. He makes a valiant attemp but succeeds only in making Scout cry. 
:'(

Interview

Interview

Rodrigo Ewertz

Agustin Salgado

Interviewee: Ximena Carvajal

The dictionary defines language as a system of signs, symbols, gestures, or rules used in communicating used by a nation, groups of people or communitys. The language is the tool that every single human being uses to communicate themselves (to express themselves or to understand), and it has been in constant changing along the human history, since stoneage with gestures to nowadays with different social platforms, like facebook and blogger. The society itself is the cause of language change, such as the change of their needs and the change of the cultural enviroment. We are interviewing and expert of the theme, an expert at social studies and society changes, Miss Ximena Carvajal, head of the social science department.

1)     What do you mean by language?

The language is a cultural expression through which a society expresses all spheresof human thoughts, feelings, emotions. I understand that the language is generally understood as verbal and written communication involves: a code, channel, receiver, transmitter ... But I think it is also body language and represents the characteristics of a society, meaning that the set of individuals with such as to allow an identity, and thus distinguished from another.

2)     Is the language part of your identity?

Of course the language is part of their identity. It reflects the cultural identity of asociety, emphasis on the expression of ideas of different kinds of social community.
Think of a language is a unique relationship. Read Spanish authors in Spanish are clearlymore accurate on what is meant and the perception of a structure of thought. Reading Neruda, Borges, Gabriel García Márquez represent the shape or identity of a larger culture: Latin American. In the case of English, Charles Dickens fails to reflect the reality of British society or Victor Hugo for his painting The Miserables is more accurate if I read it in French.

3) Is English a form of different nationalities to express their identity?

Absolutely. But it is necessary to define nationality or nation is generally defined as possessing human group agglutination by a common history, race, language, and idiosyncrasy. If we refer to this definition a little light it can be said that English is not nationally defined, because only we would point out nuances. In further analysis, the variations of English in the Anglo-Saxon world with English as mother tongue let identity: the Australian nation or the Scottish nation have through the use of English a form of identity that reflects the nation to which belong. As a counterpart, looking at the use of Castilian between Peruvian and Chilean society, there is consensus that in Peru there is a use of language with greater precision and diction only, but in the case of Chile, states that there is a special form of adaptation language that identifies us at Hispanic, expressions like "Altiro", "si po" or other qualified doodle identifies us. In the U.S., use center or Britain, centers identify the center of a city.

4) Can you identify the identity of a nation by the language they use?

Of course. It is related to the above. The identity is related to the peculiar characteristics of a society which are a form of glue or bind.
If I hear "edimbra" I can identify that they are referring to a Scottish city of Edinburgh.

5) The change of language, can produce a change of identity?

No, you can receive certain forms of thought expressed in the newly acquired language, but does not change the identity. It is a complex question because of the historical process of globalization, English language acquisition, German or French does not produce changes in identity as the Western world have common characteristics, English or German or French language or language is a strong factor identity. In the case of Chilean native people use the Spanish language for Aymara,Mapuche Lican-Antai or the new generations can cause changes, but are not substantial. The way of perceiving the world is different and is identified through language.

6) Is the language is a form of communication of a specific region?

 I think if we understand by 'region' as a geographical unit macro physical features, political and socio-identify it. For example, the region of South America except Brazil, have a unique form of communication, perhaps where the rich vocabulary and expressions generated literary movements and representatives of world class. But if we also look at the civil society, the people of the South American region is possible a deep understanding of our common roots, worldviews and lifestyles, customs and ways of structuring thought. The Anglo-North American region with the U.S. and Canada also have a very different form of communication.

7) Do you agree with the claim that: “the English language is nobody’s special property”?

I agree, because the question refers to "someone special feature" and the language isn’t. The special attributes are related to someone's personality and ways of cultural expression. The above questions relate to the concepts of identity, culture, nation or community and this last question is about only the individual.

In conclusion we can say that the language is a cultural expression through which a society expresses all spheres of human thoughts, feelings, and emotions. In the interview to Miss Ximena Carvajal we learn that the language is part of the identity because it reflects the cultural identity of a society, emphasis on the expression of ideas of different kinds of social community. The change of language can’t produce a change of identity because you can receive certain forms of thought expressed in the newly acquired language, but does not change the identity. 

Short Story

The English Class
It was a normal day at the mackay school. I was so tired because i have to study alot. The lunch time come and I was son hungry. The lunch time pass and we have to enter to the English class. The class start and I was so tired and bored. I ask to my friend Victoh the hour and he respond me: it´s 16:30 the bell rings at 18:00! The time pass so slow for me and the only thing that I want is sleep. The teacher said to us that we have to work, but all the persons in the class were so tired. I find a boock that said: Where is Wally? I star to find wally in a beach but I can´t find it. Finally, the rings bell and all the students in the class wake up and go out, and I never could find wally. I was so sad because I can´tn find wally and i have to go. The teacher ask me: that is the great boock " Where is Wally?" I always play it, is so hard and funny. The teacher and me start to find Wally in the beach and we finally find it. I was so happy and then I buy alot of boock of "Where is Wally".

Analisys of "Letter of a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.]

VEHICLE OF INFORMATION

This text is a letter written by Martin Luther King, Junior when he was confined in the jail of the more segregated city in the United States, Birmingham.


In the letter, the author refering to thesegregation situation that is being live by the community in Birmingham. He is in this city trying to carry the gospel of freedom to his people, making a comparison between his mission and the one that prophets had in the past (paragraph 3).


In the 4th paragraph he states a very important idea: "anyone who lives inside the United States can never be consider an outsider anywhere within its bounds", calling for the end of segregation and the beginning of social inclusion.

LANGUAGE FEATURES

Register

The writer use long and well structured sentences, and the use of contractions is not present. As we can see in the 4th paragraph: "Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states". The use of this compound sentence and the conjuction "Moreover", and also "I am" instead of the contraction "I'm", denote that the register used in this letter is formal.

Some words that produce reflexion or Impact: jail, president, Lord, injustice, mutuality, unfortune, power, nonviolent, negotiation, purification, racial, brutuality.

Semantic field:
1) Seldom, Jail, Criticism
2) President, Honor, rights
3) Lord, Jesus, Prophests
4) Justice, Injustice, mutuality
5) Unfortune, power, Negro
6) Injustices, racial, brutality

Resume of pg. 1:
The letter was written for a Clergymen. The letter explain that he was in the Birmingham city jail. He said that he pause to answer criticism of they work and ideas. He want to said why he is in Birminghman. He have the honor of serving as a president of the Southern Cristian leadership Conference in Georgia. The affiliate in Birmingham asked to engage in a nonviolent direct action program. The our come and they lived up to theres promise. He was there because he was invited there. He was there because hehave an organizational there. He said that he is in Birmingham because injustice is there. He want to compelled to coury the gospel of freedom beyond his own home town. Demostration are taking place in Birmingham, but it is even more unfortune that the city's white power structure left the Negro comunitywith no alternative. Steps of newcolut canpaing: cllection of facts, negotiation, self purification, direct action.

New technology texts

In the technology texts we can find tree examples

1. Websites

Some websites have features that make websites a distintive form of text
- The material is organised and presented is influenced by the dimensions of the screen.
- The text are non-linear. The traditional linear text is read progressively from the top of the page to the bottom.
- The information is broken down into manageable. Graphological features, with the ue of colour, animation and visual images are important to indicate hypertext links.
- Websites are much more interactive than traditional written texts.

2. E-mail

Some E-mails do have distinctive linguistic characteristics. The informality of E-mail, together with the interactive relationship between senders and recivers, makes it a form of written communication that is in many ways close to spoken language.
E-mail language features

- Lexis is often conversation. This frequently use colloquialism and contractions.  There are more tolerance of spelling errors than in traditional texts, the messages are quicker and are not usually checked for errors.

- Grettings and farewells shows the informality of the medium. The most comon way of openig messages is "Hi" and sometimes greetings are dispensed with the sender and receiver's name at the top of the message.

- Grammatical features include loosely constructive sentences, that is similar to the natural flow of speech. To hurry the typing, some punctuation marks and capital letters may be omitted.

- There are a lot of methods to suggest the prosodic features of speech, like the tone of the voice. For expample: non-standart spelling to suggest pronunciation, etc.

- A large nunmber of abbreviations are used in e-mails, chating, etc. Example: JK (just kidding).

- Emoticons are graphical symbols used to represent body language and facial expressions. Example: :-) (smile)

Yellowstone's Supervolcano More Massive Than Expected

Yellowstone's Super volcano More Massive than Expected

by: Rodrigo Ewertz F.

The scientist of the University of Utah discovered that the Yellowstone volcano can be more massive than expected.

They study the massive of the volcano and they create another graphic to represent the massive that is inside of the volcano. This graphic was created during this week, but the studies start a lot of years ago. The studies that they do, said that there will no be an eruption, is only more massive, there is no danger.

The Co-author Robert B. Smith, professor emeritus and research professor of geophysics at the University of Utah, and a coordinating scientist of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory said: "It’s a totally new and different way of imaging and looking at the volcanic roots of Yellowstone," This significate that we must study more that volcano and his massive structure, and not only the Yellowstone’s volcano, we have to study all the volcanoes and the nature. This also significate that we have to locks to the volcano with different eyes, we must have more respect. The graphic that was created by the University of Utah will be considered in so many important occasions for do statistics, etc. They discovered now that the waves are generated by the earth wakes.

In conclusion, the scientist of the University of Utah discovered a new graphic that said that the Yellowstone’s super volcano can be more massive than expected. This graphic is so important for do important statistics. The studies that they do, said that there will be no eruption. Important scientist give there opinions like Mr. Robert Smith. I think that this new graphic that create is good because it gives important information like the volcano’s massive.

Postmodernism

To characterize postmodernism, we must look briefly at what cae before: modernism. "Modern" was once used liberally as an adjetive to describe many things--from the latest kithcen gadget to a style of art. But "Modern" also refers to a specific period of time (roughly 1870 through the mind-1960s) and to the range of cultural ideas, beliefs, and artifacts that people generated during that period.